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Packard, Norman H. (USA, 1954- )
and CA classes, 948
as coauthor of paper, 882
in Preface, xiii
Painlevé, Paul (France, 1863-1933)
and Painlevé functions, 1092
Paley, Raymond E. A. C. (England/USA, 1907-1933)
and Walsh transforms, 1073
Paley, William (England, 1743-1805)
and natural theology, 861
Panini (India, ~500 BC)
and grammars, 875
Paris, Jeffrey B. (England, 1944- )
and unprovable statements, 1163
Pascal, Blaise (France, 1623-1662)
and arbitrary number bases, 902
and his calculator, 1107
and Pascal's triangle, 870
Paterson, Michael S. (England, 1942- )
and 2D Turing machines, 880, 930
Peacock, George (England, 1791-1858)
and generalization in math, 1168
Peano, Giuseppe (Italy, 1858-1932)
and axioms for arithmetic, 1152
and foundations of math, 1149
and math notation, 1182
and space-filling curves, 893
Peirce, Charles S. (USA, 1839-1914)
and axioms for logic, 1151
and Nand, 1173
and theories of communication, 1181
Penrose, Lionel S. (England, 1898-1972)
and mechanical self-reproduction, 1179
Penrose, Roger (England, 1931- )
and discreteness of space, 1027
and Penrose tiles, 932, 943
and polyomino tilings, 943
in Preface, xiii
and spin networks, 1055
Phelan, Robert J. (USA, 1933- )
and minimum area packings, 988
Piaget, Jean (Switzerland, 1896-1980)
and animism in children, 1195
Pingala (India, ~200 BC)
and Fibonacci numbers, 890
Pippenger, Nicholas J. (USA/Canada, 1947- )
and NC computations, 1149
Pitts, Walter H. (USA, 1923-1969)
and neural networks, 880, 1099
and universality, 1110
Planck, Max K. E. L. (Germany, 1858-1947)
and quantum theory, 1056
Plato (Greece, 427-347 BC)
and microcosm, 1196
and mimesis, 1178
and the nature of space, 1028
and primes, 909, 910
and purpose in nature, 1185
Plouffe, Simon (Canada, 1956- )
and computation of pi, 912
in Preface, xiii
Podolsky, Boris (USA, 1896-1966)
and EPR experiment, 1058
Poincaré, J. Henri (France, 1854-1912)
and 3-body problem, 972
and cell complexes, 1050
and chaos theory, 971
and iterated maps, 918
and notion of complexity, 1068
and Poincaré recurrence, 1022
Politzer, H. David (USA, 1949- )
and particle masses, 1047
in Preface, xiv
Pollard, John M. (England, 1941- )
and integer factoring, 1090
Pólya, George (Hungary/Switzerland/USA, 1887-1985)
and zeta function zeros, 918
Pomeau, Yves (France, 1942- )
and cellular automaton fluids, 999
in Preface, xiii
Ponzano, Giorgio E. (Italy, 1939- )
and spin networks, 1055
Popper, Karl R. (Austria/New Zealand/England, 1902-1994)
and free will, 1135
Post, Emil L. (USA, 1897-1954)
and axiom systems in logic, 1170
and models of computation, 879
and models of math, 1150
and multivalued logic, 1175
and multiway systems, 938
and origins of universality, 1110
and Post Correspondence Problem, 1139
and tag systems, 879, 894
and truth tables, 1170
and undecidability, 1136
and undecidability of word problem, 1141
and underivability of logic axioms, 1170
and universality, 1125
Presburger, Mojzesz (Poland, 1904 - ~1943)
and axioms for arithmetic, 1152
Prigogine, Ilya (Belgium/USA, 1917-[2003])
in Preface, xiii
and reaction-diffusion, 1013
Prouhet, Eugène (France, 1817-1867)
and Thue-Morse sequence, 893
Prusinkiewicz, Przemyslaw (Poland/Canada, 1952- )
and branching in plants, 1005
Ptolemy (Egypt, ~100 - ~170 AD)
and math in science, 859
and models based on rules, 860
Putnam, Hilary W. (USA, 1926- )
and Diophantine equations, 1161
Pythagoras (Italy, ~560 - ~480 BC)
and math in science, 859, 860
and perfect numbers, 911
and rules in music, 875
Radó, Tibor (Hungary/USA, 1895-1965)
and Busy Beaver Problem, 889
Ramanujan, Srinivasa A. (India/England, 1887-1920)
and almost integers, 915
and divisor sequences, 910, 911
and experimental math, 899
Rankine, William J. M. (Scotland, 1820-1872)
and vortices in ether, 1044
Raup, David M. (USA, 1933- )
and shapes of shells, 1008
Ray, John (England, 1627-1705)
and natural theology, 861
Regge, Tullio E. (Italy, 1931- )
and discrete spacetime, 1054
and spin networks, 1055
Reif, Frederick (USA, 1927- )
and inspirational book cover, 864
Rényi, Alfréd (Hungary, 1921-1970)
and generalized entropies, 959
Reynolds, Osborne (Ireland/England, 1842-1912)
and Reynolds numbers, 996
Rice, Henry G. (USA, 1920- )
and Rice's theorem, 1137
Richardson, Lewis F. (England/Scotland, 1881-1953)
and fluid turbulence, 997
Ricker, William E. (Canada, 1908-2001)
and iterated map for fish populations, 918
Riemann, G. F. Bernhard (Germany, 1826-1866)
and discrete space, 1027
and distribution of primes, 918
and nested curves, 934
and Riemann tensor, 1049
Riesz, Frigyes (Hungary, 1880-1956)
and Riesz products, 1081
Robbins, Herbert E. (USA, 1915-2001)
and axioms for logic, 1151
Robinson, Abraham (England/Israel/USA, 1918-1974)
and non-standard analysis, 1172
Robinson, J. Alan (USA, 1930- )
and resolution theorem proving, 1157
Robinson, Julia B. (USA, 1919-1985)
and axioms for arithmetic, 1152
and Diophantine equations, 1161
and encodings of arithmetic, 1163
in Preface, xiii
and undecidability of field theory, 1160
Robinson, Raphael M. (USA, 1911-1995)
and axioms for arithmetic, 1152
and non-periodic tilings, 943
in Preface, xiii
Rogozhin, Yurii (Moldova, 1949- )
and Turing machines, 1119
Rosen, Nathan (USA/Israel, 1909-1995)
and EPR experiment, 1058
Rosenblatt, Frank (USA, 1928-1971)
and perceptrons, 1099
Rosenblueth, Arturo (Mexico, 1900-1970)
and reaction-diffusion, 1013
Roth, Klaus F. (England, 1925- )
and rational approximations, 915
Rucker, Rudy v. B. (USA, 1946- )
and 2D Turing machines, 930
in Preface, xiii
Russell, Bertrand A. W. (England, 1872-1970)
and axioms for logic, 1151
and character of math, 1176
and foundations of math, 1149
and paradoxes in set theory, 1154
and Principia Mathematica, 894
and theory of types, 898
Russell, John Scott (Scotland, 1808-1882)
and solitons, 899
Rutherford, Ernest (New Zealand/Canada, 1871-1937)
and atomic nuclei, 1044
Rytin, Maxim (Russia, 1975- )
and concatenation sequences, 913
Sagan, Carl E. (USA, 1934-1996)
and Pioneer 10 plaque, 1189
Salem, James (USA, 1962- )
as coauthor of paper, 882
in Preface, xiii
Sander, Leonard M. (USA, 1941- )
and diffusion-limited aggregation, 994
in Preface, xiii
Saussure, Ferdinand de (Switzerland, 1857-1913)
and concept of language, 1181
Schickard, Wilhelm (Germany, 1592-1635)
and origin of computers, 1107
Scholes, Myron S. (USA, 1941- )
and options pricing, 1015
Schönfinkel, Moses I. (Germany/Russia, 1889 - ~1942)
and combinators, 879, 1121
and origins of universality, 1110
and symbolic systems, 898
Schoute, Johannes C. (Netherlands, 1877-1942)
and phyllotaxis, 1007
Schröder, F. W. K. Ernst (Germany, 1841-1902)
and axioms of logic, 1151
Schrödinger, Erwin R. J. A. (Austria/Switzerland/Germany/Ireland, 1887-1961)
and quantum mechanics, 1056
Schwarzschild, Karl (Germany, 1873-1916)
and Einstein equations, 1053
Séguier, Jean-Armand de (France, 1862-1937)
and semigroups, 1153
Sejnowski, Terrence J. (USA, 1947- )
and neural networks, 1100
in Preface, xiii
Sekerka, Robert F. (USA, 1937- )
and dendritic growth, 993
Shallit, Jeffrey O. (USA/Canada, 1957- )
and continued fractions, 914
Shannon, Claude E. (USA, 1916-2001)
and analog computers, 1129
and Boolean algebra, 1097
and coding theory, 1069
and cryptography, 1086
and information theory, 1071, 1181
and statistical mechanics, 1020
and Turing machines, 1119
Shaw, Robert S. (USA, 1946- )
and chaos theory, 971
in Preface, xiii
Sheffer, Henry M. (USA, 1883-1964)
and axioms for logic, 1151, 1175
and Nand, 1173
Shepherdson, John C. (England, 1926- )
and register machines, 896
Shor, Peter W. (USA, 1959- )
in Preface, xiii
and quantum computing, 1148
Shub, Michael I. (USA, 1943- )
and quadratic pseudorandom generators, 1090
Sierpinski, Waclaw (Poland, 1882-1969)
and nested curves, 934
Silverman, Brian (Canada, 1957- )
in Preface, xiii
and WireWorld CA, 1117
Simon, Herbert A. (USA, 1916-2001)
and automated proofs, 1157
Sinai, Yakov G. (Russia/USA 1935- )
and ergodicity of billiards, 1022
Sitnikov, Kirill A. (Russia, 1926- )
and 3-body problem, 973
Skolem, A. Thoralf (Norway, 1887-1963)
and non-standard arithmetic, 1169
and set theory, 1154
Smale, Stephen (USA, 1930- )
and chaos theory, 971
in Preface, xiii
Smith, Alvy Ray, III (USA, 1943- )
and branching in plants, 1005
and L systems, 893
in Preface, xiii
and universal CAs, 1115
Smith, Cyril S. (USA, 1903-1992)
and cellular structures, 1039
Smullyan, Raymond M. (USA, 1919- )
and combinators, 898
Socrates (Greece, ~470-399 BC)
and purpose in nature, 1185
Solomonoff, Ray J. (USA, 1926- )
and algorithmic randomness, 1068
Spearman, Charles E. (England, 1863-1945)
and defining intelligence, 1178
Spencer Brown, George (England/USA, 1923- )
and axioms for logic, 1175
and Laws of Form, 1173
Staffelbach, Othmar J. (Switzerland, 1952- )
and cryptanalysis of rule 30, 1087
Stein, Paul R. (USA, 1924-1990)
and iterated maps, 918
Stevens, Peter S. (USA, 1936- )
and patterns in nature, 967
Stokes, George G. (England, 1819-1903)
and fluid flow past a sphere, 998
Stoneham, Richard G. (USA, 1920-1996)
and normal numbers, 912
Sturgis, Howard E. (USA, 1936-1990)
and register machines, 896
Sundman, Karl F. (Finland, 1873-1949)
and three-body problem, 972
Swindale, Nicholas V. (England/Canada, 1951- )
and pigmentation patterns, 1012
Szmielew, Wanda M. (Poland/USA, 1918-1976)
and commutative groups, 1160
Szudzik, Matthew P. (USA, 1973- )
and axioms for logic, 1151
in Preface, xii
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