But although this can be convenient when f is a discrete function such as a matrix, it is inconsistent with general mathematical and other usage in which for example Gamma[x] and Gamma[a, x] are both treated as values of functions.)

Many numbers associated with Zeta and Gamma can readily be generated, though apparently for example  and EulerGamma cannot. … If f[n] is a rational function, Sum[f[n], {n, ∞ }] must just be a linear combination of PolyGamma functions, but again the multivariate case can be much more complicated.

Unexplained phenomena that could conceivably be at least in part artifacts include gamma ray bursts and ultra high-energy cosmic rays.

It is also known for example that Gamma[1/3] and BesselJ[0, n] are transcendental. It is not known for example whether EulerGamma is even irrational.

: ExpIntegralEi[1] - EulerGamma .

Gamma[3/2 - n])

For large n this number is on average of order Log[n] + 2 EulerGamma - 1 . … For large n , DivisorSigma[1, n] is known to grow at most like Log[Log[n]] n Exp[EulerGamma] , and on average like π 2 /6 n (see page 1093 ).

Intrinsically defined curves With curvature given by a function f[s] of the arc length s , explicit coordinates {x[s], y[s]} of points are obtained from (compare page 1048 ) NDSolve[{x'[s]  Cos[ θ [s]], y'[s]  Sin[ θ [s]], θ '[s]  f[s], x[0]  y[0]  θ [0]  0}, {x, y, θ }, {s, 0, s max }] For various choices of f[s] , formulas for {x[s], y[s]} can be found using DSolve : f[s] = 1: {Sin[ θ ], Cos[ θ ]} f[s] = s: {FresnelS[ θ ], FresnelC[ θ ]} f[s] = 1/ √ s : √ θ {Sin[ √ θ ], Cos[ √ θ ]} f[s] = 1/s: θ {Cos[Log[ θ ]], Sin[Log[ θ ]]} f[s] = 1/s 2 : θ {Sin[1/ θ ], Cos[1/ θ ]} f[s] = s n : result involves Gamma[1/n, ±  θ n/n ] f[s] = Sin[s] : result involves Integrate[Sin[Sin[ θ ]], θ ] , expressible in terms of generalized Kampé de Fériet hypergeometric functions of two variables.

to be Gamma[x + 1] .)

The picture in the main text shows RiemannSiegelZ[t] , defined as Zeta[1/2 +  t] Exp[  RiemannSiegelTheta[t]] , where RiemannSiegelTheta[t_] = Arg[Gamma[1/4 +  t/2]] - t Log[ π ]/2 The first term in an approximation to RiemannSiegelZ[t] is 2 Cos[RiemannSiegelTheta[t]] ; to get results to a given precision requires summing a number of terms that increases like √ t , making routine computation possible up to t ~ 10 10 .