Crackling
in natural radio emissions, 1187
Cracks
nesting of, 988
randomness of, 374
Craters
circular shapes of, 1187
as landscape elements, 1001
Creation myths
as models, 992
Creeping flow, 377
Crete
maze at Knossos on, 873
Criminal law
free will in, 1135
Crinkling
patterns of, 996
Critical exponent
in 2D Ising model, 982
Critical pairs
in completion algorithms, 1037
Critical phenomena
and nesting, 989
and phase transitions, 981
and scale invariance, 955
Crossovers
in genetics, 970
Crosstalk
and Walsh functions, 1073
Crowds
motion of people in, 1014
Crumpling
patterns of, 996
Crushing (of solids), 995
nesting in, 988
and sphere packing, 986
Crust (of Earth)
and origin of life, 1179
patterns on, 1001
Crutchfield, James P. (USA, 1955- )
and Markov models, 1084
in Preface, xiii
Cryptanalysis
of additive cellular automata, 601
and dead languages, 1185
and defining randomness, 1068
history of, 1086
and history of computing, 1107
of linear congruential generators, 1089
and meaning of programs, 1183
and rule 30 NP completeness, 770
of shift registers, 1087
of Vigenère ciphers, 599
Cryptography, 598-606
as application of randomness, 1192
and defining randomness, 1068
with digit sequences, 1089
electronic randomness for, 968
as example of technology, 840
and hashing, 1100
history of, 1085
and history of complexity, 49
as process based on rules, 875
quantum, 1058
random keys for, 970
and recognizing meaning, 827
and shift registers, 878, 1086
Crystal growth, 369-373
history of, 993
models of, 993
Crystal lattices
systems on, 169, 929
Crystals
as artificial-looking, 828
Brillouin zones in, 988
diffraction patterns in, 1082
effect of seeds on, 992
formation as phase transition, 983
fracture in, 374
hopper, 993
lack of continuum limit for, 327
as not artifacts, 1183
randomness in shapes of, 373
as self-organizing systems, 824
shapes of, 929
trivalent network and, 1030
Csc (cosecant)
and Moire patterns, 1078
Cube-free sequences, 944
Thue-Morse and, 890
Cube network, 476
transformed to tetrahedron, 1038
Cube roots
and Cantor set generating function, 1092
digits of, 141
Cubes
equations involving sums of, 945
produced by CAs, 1186
Cubic equations
and computational reducibility, 1132
Diophantine, 1164
as exactly soluble, 1133
iterative solutions to, 1101
size of solutions to, 945
Cubic graphs
see Networks, trivalent
|  | Cubic lattices
cellular automata on, 182
class 4 rules on, 949
as crystal lattices, 929
random walks on, 977
Voronoi diagrams for, 987
Cuboid
and 3D cellular automata, 927
Cucumber leaves, 1006
Cultural relativism
not connected to relativity, 1042
Culture
and character of perception, 635
and defining intelligence, 1178
and recognizing intelligence, 825
and response to events, 827
Curie point
in Ising model, 981
Curl
and vector potential, 1045
Curry, Haskell B. (USA, 1900-1982)
and combinators, 898
Currying
and combinators, 1122
of function arguments, 896
Curvature
of curves, 1049
curves defined by, 418, 1009
in differential geometry, 1048
of fronts in crystal growth, 993
gauge fields as, 1045
of growing tissue, 1007
higher-dimensional, 1009
in non-integer dimensions, 1051
in plant growth, 412
in rivers, 1001
singularities in, 1053
Curves
curvature of, 1049
Lissajous, 917
mathematical, 145-148
space-filling, 893
Cusps
in light caustics, 984
Custering
in 2D cellular automata, 877
Cut elimination in proofs, 1155
Cuttlefish
communication by, 1181
pigmentation pattern of, 426
Cybernetics
and biology, 1004
and computational irreducibility, 1132
and definition of complexity, 1068
and free will for machines, 1135
history of, 862
and models of thinking, 1099
as precursor to my work, 879
and self-reproduction, 1179
summary of relations to, 14
Cycles
in attractors, 958
longest in networks, 1029, 1031
in random networks, 963
and repetition periods, 950
in shift rules, 963
shortest in networks, 1029
in state transition graphs, 961
Cyclic
see Repetitive
Cyclic addition systems, 255, 950
state transition graphs for, 961
Cyclic boundary conditions
in CA implementation, 866
periods in CAs with, 950
Cyclic groups
decomposition into, 1172
Cyclic multiplication, 257, 950
state transition graphs for, 961
Cyclic negation
in multivalued logic, 1175
Cyclic shift instructions, 951
Cyclic subgroups
and nested patterns, 956
Cyclic tag systems, 95
emulated by rule 110, 678
emulated by tag systems, 1113
emulating cellular automata, 668
emulating tag systems, 669, 1116
generalizations of, 895
implementation of, 895
mechanical version of, 895
and pointer-based encoding, 1071
random initial conditions in, 949
randomness generation in, 920
vs. shift registers, 1088
Cyclones (in weather), 1178
Cyclotomic (cyclotomic polynomials)
and shift register periods, 975
and solution of logistic map, 1098
Cylinders
in curved space, 1050
and definition of Ricci tensor, 534
fluid flow past, 996
Cylindrical algebraic decomposition, 1154
Cypress leaves, 1006
|
