IBM 370 computer
my use of, 854
IBM 7090 computer
and pi, 911
ICBMs
radar used by, 970
radars for detecting, 1188
Ice
hopper crystals in, 993
snowflake crystals of, 370
Ice-ray style of Chinese lattice, 874
Icosahedral group, 938
Icosahedral symmetry
in quasicrystals, 994
Icosahedron
clusters in sphere packing, 986
and GoldenRatio, 891
IDEA cryptographic system, 1086
Ideal forms
and Platonism, 1176
Ideal gas
CA idealization of, 446
Idealism
and free will, 1135
and history of universality, 1109
and logic as foundation, 860
and models of math, 1149
and nature of space, 1028
and theories of communication, 1181
and universe as intelligence, 1196
Idealizations
of mathematics, 776
in modelling, 364
and Principle of Computational Equivalence, 728
in traditional science, 736
and ultimate theory of physics, 465
Ideals (algebraic)
as generalizing numbers, 1168
Idempotence
of And, 817
in operator systems, 801
of Or, 817
Identity cellular automaton, 883
Identity function
in combinators, 1122
IEEE floating-point standard
and chaos experiments, 919
If (conditional)
emulated by Gamma, 1129
Illative logic
and symbolic systems, 102
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and history of CAs, 877
Illinois, University of, xiii
Illusions
visual, 1076
Image compression
lossless, 560
lossy, 572
Image processing
by averaging, 1073
history of, 1077
and history of 2D CAs, 877, 928
and visual perception, 1076
and Walsh transforms, 1073
Imaginary time formalism, 1043
as example of model feature, 992
Imitation
and bird songs, 1180
see also Emulation
Immune system
and Boolean networks, 936
and combinatorial chemistry, 1194
and growth of animals, 418
randomness in, 970, 1002
shape space in, 1184
Impact craters
as landscape elements, 1001
Implementation
see also Emulation
see also entries for specific systems
Implicants
in Boolean formulas, 1095
Implicational calculus, 803, 1170
models in, 1171
possible models of, 805
theorems in, 813
Implicit rules
constraints as, 210, 940
Implies
axioms for, 803
axioms in terms of, 1151
in multivalued logic, 1175
non-confluence of, 1037
non-universality of, 1174
and structure of proofs, 1155
truth tables for, 802
Impossibilities
mathematical, 1137
Impulse response
for additive systems, 952
spectrum of, 1081
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