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Ackermann, Wilhelm (Germany, 1896-1962)
and Ackermann functions, 906
Aiken, Howard H. (USA, 1900-1973)
and Mark I computer, 1107
Albertus Magnus (Germany, ~1200-1280)
and mathematics in science, 859
Alder, Berni J. (USA, 1925- )
and inspirational book cover, 864
and molecular dynamics, 879, 999
in Preface, xiii
Alekseev, Vladimir M. (Russia, 1932-1980)
and 3-body problem, 973
Alexander, James W. (USA, 1888-1971)
and moves on networks, 1038
Ammann, Robert (USA, 1946-1994)
and nested tilings, 942
Anaxagoras (Greece, ~500 - ~428 BC)
and purpose in nature, 1185
Apollonius (Turkey/Egypt, ~262 BC - ~190 BC)
and circle packing, 986
Aquinas, Thomas (Italy, 1225-1274)
and argument by design, 861
Archimedes (Sicily, 287-212 BC)
and pi, 911
and use of mathematics, 859
Aristotle (Greece, 384-322 BC)
and complexity, 861
and definition of life, 1178
and embryology, 1010
and gnomons, 1008
and history of logic, 1099
and logic in science, 860
and nature of space, 1028
and origins of randomness, 967
and purpose in nature, 1185
and theoretical biology, 1003
Atanasoff, John V. (USA, 1903-1995)
and early electronic computers, 1107
Augustine (Algeria, 354-430 AD)
and free will, 1135
Axelrod, Robert M. (USA, 1943- )
and prisoner's dilemma, 1104
Babbage, Charles (England, 1791-1871)
and computers, 1107
and universality, 1110
Bachelier, Louis (France, 1870-1946)
and randomness in markets, 1014
Backus, John (USA, 1924- )
and computer languages, 1104
Bacon, Roger (England, ~1219 - ~1292)
and math in science, 859
Bak, Per (Denmark/USA, 1947-[2002])
and self-organized criticality, 989
Baker, Alan (England, 1939- )
and Diophantine equations, 1164
Banks, E. Roger (USA, 1944- )
and 1D universal CA, 1115
and 2D universal CA, 1117
Barnsley, Michael F. (England/USA, 1946- )
and parameter space sets, 1006
and pictures of ferns, 1005
Batcher, Kenneth E. (USA, 1935- )
and sorting networks, 1142
Bays, Carter (USA, 1940- )
and 3D class 4 CAs, 949
Beeler, Michael D. (USA, 1944- )
and 2D Turing machines, 930
Bell, Alexander Graham (USA, 1847-1922)
and speech sounds, 1080
Bell, David I. (USA/Australia, 1953- )
and structures in Life, 965
Bell, John S. (England/Switzerland, 1928-1990)
and quantum mechanics, 1058
Belousov, Boris P. (Russia, 1893-1970)
and oscillatory chemical reactions, 1013
Bendix, Peter B. (USA, 1946- )
and Knuth-Bendix procedure, 1037
Benford, Frank (USA, 1883-1948)
and leading digits, 914
Bennett, Charles H. (USA, 1943- )
and logical depth, 1069
in Preface, xiii
and reversibility of computation, 1020
and sphere packing, 985
Bentley, Wilson A. (USA, 1865-1931)
and snowflakes, 992
Berger, Robert (USA, 1938- )
and non-periodic tilings, 943
and undecidability in tiling, 1139
Berlekamp, Elwyn R. (USA, 1940- )
and Berlekamp-Massey algorithm, 1087
Bernoulli, Daniel (Netherlands/Switzerland, 1700-1782)
and molecular theory of gases, 1019
Birkhoff, Garrett (USA, 1911-1996)
and equational logic, 1172
Black, Fischer (USA, 1938-1995)
and options pricing, 1015
Blum, Lenore C. (USA, 1942- )
in Preface, xiii
and random generators, 1090
Blum, Manuel (USA, 1938- )
in Preface, xiii
and random generators, 1090
Bobrow, Daniel G. (USA, 1935- )
and simple Turing machines, 1143
Bohm, David J. (USA/England, 1917-1992)
and discreteness of space, 1027
and hidden variables, 1058
Bohr, Niels H. D. (Denmark, 1885-1962)
and quantum theory, 1056
Boltzmann, Ludwig E. (Austria, 1844-1906)
and statistical mechanics, 1019
Boole, George (England/Ireland, 1815-1864)
and axioms for logic, 1151
and Boolean functions, 1097
and continuous logic, 1175
and model for thought, 1099
Boone, William W. (USA, 1920-1983)
and word problem for groups, 1141
Borel, F. E. J. Emile (France, 1871-1956)
and defining randomness, 1068
and normal numbers, 912
Brady, Allen H. (USA, 1934- )
and 2D Turing machines, 930
Bravais, Auguste (France, 1811-1863)
and phyllotaxis, 1007
Bravais, Louis F. (France, 1801-1843)
and phyllotaxis, 1007
Bray, William C. (USA, 1879-1946)
and oscillatory chemical reactions, 1013
Broadwell, James E. (USA, 1921- )
and CA fluids, 999
Broglie, Louis-V.-P.-R. de (France, 1892-1987)
and wave-particle duality, 1056
Brouwer, Luitzen E. J. (Netherlands, 1881-1966)
and character of math, 1176
Bruns, E. Heinrich (Germany, 1848-1919)
and three-body problem, 972
Buch, Arnim (Germany, 1969- )
and automated proofs, 1158
Buchberger, Bruno (Austria, 1942- )
and Gröbner basis approach, 1037
in Preface, xiii
Buntrock, Jürgen (Germany, 1958- )
and long-running TMs, 889
Burks, Arthur W. (USA, 1915- )
and cellular automata, 876
in Preface, xiii
Bush, Vannevar (USA, 1890-1974)
and differential analyzer, 1107
Caesar, Julius (Italy, 100-44 BC)
and cryptography, 1085
Campbell, John H. (USA, 1938- )
and patterns on shells, 1012
in Preface, xiii
Cantor, Georg F. L. P. (Germany, 1845-1918)
and Cantor set, 893
and the continuum, 1127
and definition of dimension, 1030
and diagonal arguments, 1128
and digit sequences, 902
and history of numbers, 901
and real numbers, 1153
and set theory, 1154
and transfinite numbers, 1162
Carnot, Sadi N. L. (France, 1796-1832)
and thermodynamics, 1019
Cartwright, Mary L. (England, 1900-1998)
and chaos theory, 971
Casimir, Hendrik B. G. (Netherlands, 1909-2000)
and electron model, 1044
Catalan, Eugène C. (Belgium, 1814-1894)
and iterated aliquot sums, 911
Cayley, Arthur (England, 1821-1895)
and group theory, 1153
and iterated maps, 918
Chaitin, Gregory J. (USA/Argentina, 1947- )
and algorithmic randomness, 1068
and experimental math, 899
in Preface, xiii
and randomness in arithmetic, 1067
and universal objects, 1127
Champernowne, David G. (England, 1912-2000)
and normal numbers, 912
Chaté, Hugues (France, 1961- )
and CA classes, 948
and continuous CAs, 922
Chomsky, Noam (USA, 1928- )
and generative grammars, 939
and models of language, 1104
and universals in language, 1181
Church, Alonzo (USA, 1903-1995)
and Church's Thesis, 1125
and defining randomness, 1068
and lambda calculus, 1121
and models of computation, 879
and number combinators, 1122
and origins of universality, 1110
and undecidability, 1136
Cicero, M. Tullius (Italy, 106-43 BC)
and free will, 1135
Clausius, Rudolf J. E. (Germany, 1822-1888)
and thermodynamics, 1019
Cocconi, Giuseppe (Italy/USA/Switzerland, 1914- )
and SETI, 1189
Codd, Edgar F. (USA, 1923-[2003])
and universal CAs, 1117
Cohen, Paul J. (USA, 1934- )
and continuum hypothesis, 1155
Conway, John H. (England/USA, 1937- )
and arithmetic recurrences, 1115
and Game of Life, 877, 880, 949
and iterated run-length encoding, 905
and non-periodic tilings, 943
in Preface, xiii
and recursive sequences, 907
and universality of Life, 1117
Cook, Matthew (USA, 1970- )
and cyclic tag systems, 895
and polyomino tiling, 943
in Preface, xii
and rule 110, 1115
Cook, Stephen A. (USA/Canada, 1939- )
and NP completeness, 1143
Cosmas (Italy, ~1210 - ~1235)
and mosaic patterns, 873
Cowe, Russell J. (UK, 1946- )
and shell patterns, 1012
Crutchfield, James P. (USA, 1955- )
and Markov models, 1084
in Preface, xiii
Curry, Haskell B. (USA, 1900-1982)
and combinators, 898
da Vinci, Leonardo (Italy, 1452-1519)
and fluid turbulence, 997
and geometrical rules, 878
and math in science, 859
and phyllotaxis, 1007
and rule-based pictures, 875
and theory of lunes, 873
Dante Alighieri (Italy, 1265-1321)
and rhyming schemes, 875
Darwin, Charles R. (England, 1809-1882)
and Origin of Species, 1001
and origins of complexity, 861, 861'
Davis, H. Chandler (USA/Canada, 1926- )
and dragon curves, 893
Davis, Martin D. (USA, 1928- )
and Diophantine equations, 1161
in Preface, xiii
de Broglie, Louis-V.-P.-R. (France, 1892-1987)
and wave-particle duality, 1056
de Bruijn, Nicolaas G. (Netherlands, 1918- )
and maximal sequences, 1089
de Moivre, Abraham (France/England, 1667-1754)
and Gaussian distribution, 977
Dedekind, J. W. Richard (Germany, 1831-1916)
and axioms for arithmetic, 1152
and categoricity of models, 1172
and primitive recursion, 907
and real numbers, 1153
Dehn, Max W. (Germany, 1878-1952)
and word problem for groups, 1141
Democritus (Greece, ~460 - ~370 BC)
and atomism, 876
and extraterrestrial life, 1180
Descartes, René (France/Netherlands, 1596-1650)
and complexity in biology, 861
and discrete space, 1027
and equiangular spirals, 1008
and snowflakes, 992
and sums of three squares, 910
and theoretical biology, 1003
and Turing test, 1099
Deutsch, David (England, 1953- )
in Preface, xiii
and quantum computers, 1147
Diffie, Whitfield (USA, 1944- )
and cryptography, 1089
in Preface, xiii
Diophantus (Egypt, ~246 - ~330 AD)
and Diophantine equations, 944
Dirac, Paul A. M. (England, 1902-1984)
and history of quantum mechanics, 1056
Drake, Frank D. (USA, 1930- )
and SETI, 1189
Drexler, K. Eric (USA, 1955- )
and nanotechnology, 1193
Duhem, Pierre M. M. (France, 1861-1916)
and chaos theory, 971
Dürer, Albrecht (Germany, 1471-1528)
and parametrizing growth, 1010
Eddington, Arthur S. (England, 1882-1944)
and models of the universe, 1025
Eden, Murray (USA, 1920- )
and aggregation systems, 978
Edgerton, Harold E. (USA, 1903-1990)
and splashes, 1000
Edison, Thomas A. (USA, 1847-1931)
and searching for materials, 1193
Ehrlich, Paul (Germany, 1854-1915)
and chemotherapy, 1193
Einstein, Albert (Germany/Switzerland/USA, 1879-1955)
and EPR experiment, 1058
and general relativity, 1047
and math in science, 860
and particles as gravity, 1054
and quantum theory, 1056
and special relativity, 1041
and unified field theory, 1028
Elkies, Noam D. (USA, 1966- )
and nearby powers, 1166
in Preface, xiii
Epicurus (Greece, 341-270 BC)
and randomness, 967
Eratosthenes (Egypt, 276-195 BC)
and prime sieve, 909, 909'
Ermentrout, G. Bard (USA, 1954- )
and patterns on shells, 1012
Escher, Maurits C. (Netherlands, 1898-1972)
and ornamental art, 874
Euclid (?Egypt, ~300 BC)
and axioms for geometry, 1154
and foundations of math, 1149
and math in science, 859
and mathematical induction, 1152
and nature of space, 1028
and perfect numbers, 911
and primes, 909
theorem network of, 1176
and theory of lunes, 873
Euler, Leonhard (Switzerland/Russia/Germany, 1707-1783)
and continued fractions, 914, 915
and a cubic Diophantine equation, 1165
and differential geometry, 1009
and equations for geodesics, 1049
and Fermat's Last Theorem, 1166
and number theory, 878
and perfect numbers, 911
and primes, 909
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