(Page 1002a) Notes for: Implications for Everyday Systems | Fundamental Issues in Biology Genetic programs [in biology] Genetic programs are encoded as sequences of four ...

(Page 1002e) Notes for: Implications for Everyday Systems | Fundamental Issues in Biology Other models [of mutation] Sequential substitution systems are probably more ...

(Page 1002f) Notes for: Implications for Everyday Systems | Fundamental Issues in Biology Adaptive value of complexity One might think that the reason complexity is not more ...

(Page 1003c) Notes for: Implications for Everyday Systems | Fundamental Issues in Biology Analogies with thermodynamics Over the past century there have been a number of ...

(Page 1179d) Notes for: The Principle of Computational Equivalence | Intelligence in the Universe Forms of living systems This book has shown that even with underlying rules ...

(Page 0008) Physics. The traditional mathematical approach to science has historically had its great success in physics -- and by now it has become almost universally assumed ...

(Page 0014) Computational Complexity Theory. Developed mostly in the 1970s, computational complexity theory attempts to characterize how difficult certain computational tasks ...

(Page 0351) The pictures on the facing page show what happens if one starts with a single circle, then successively adds new circles in such a way that the center of each one ...

(Page 0388) In the past, the idea of optimization for some sophisticated purpose seemed to be the only conceivable explanation for the level of complexity that is seen in ...

(Page 0390) and simple underlying programs. But there still remains the question of whether actual biological organisms really use such programs, or whether somehow they ...