(Page 0397) able to exhibit the same level of complexity that one observes for example in many systems in physics. In biology the presence of long programs with many separate ...

(Page 0408) that this is precisely why such diverse shapes of leaves are occasionally seen even in plants that otherwise appear very similar. But while features such as the ...

(Page 0417) application of three-dimensional geometry to very simple underlying rules of growth. And so once again therefore natural selection cannot reasonably be considered ...

(Page 0425) But which specific cellular automaton rule will any given mollusc use? The pictures at the bottom of the facing page show all the possible symmetrical rules that ...

(Page 0823) general features that somehow capture the essence of true intelligence, independent of the particular details of human intelligence. Perhaps it could be the ...

(Page 0842) computations would then translate almost directly into building actual physical structures out of atoms. In the past biology -- with all its details of DNA, ...

(Page 0970c) Notes for: Mechanisms in Programs and Nature | Randomness from the Environment Randomness in biology Thermal fluctuations in chemical reactions lead to many ...

(Page 0981c) Notes for: Mechanisms in Programs and Nature | Origins of Discreteness Phase transitions The discrete transitions shown in cellular automata in this section are ...

(Page 1003f) Notes for: Implications for Everyday Systems | Fundamental Issues in Biology Proteins At a molecular level much of any living cell is made up of proteins formed ...

(Page 1045b) Notes for: Fundamental Physics | Elementary Particles Kuratowski's theorem Any network can be laid out in 3D space. (This is related to the Whitney embedding ...