Approximately one number in 20 has the property that evolution either backward or forward from it never leads to a smaller number.

And from the results shown one sees that in some cases random-looking ground states should occur.

In addition, whenever there is a choice, the first cases to be tried are set up to be ones that tend to extend whatever regularity has developed so far.

Nested lists One can think of structures that annihilate in pairs as being like parentheses or other delimiters that come in pairs, as in the picture below.

Formally, there is evidence that the Navier–Stokes equations in 2D might have a ∇ 2 Log[∇ 2 ] viscosity term, rather than a ∇ 2 one.

In fact, for a system involving k colors the pattern produced will always be essentially just one of the patterns obtained from an additive rule with k or less colors. … If one starts from more than a single non- 0 element, then it is still true that a nested pattern will be produced if f is both associative and commutative.

Those currently known are the photon ( γ ) for electromagnetism (QED), W and Z for so-called weak interactions, and the gluon ( g ) for QCD interactions between quarks. … Gauge bosons normally have spin 1 (the graviton would have spin 2) yielding 3 spin states for massive ones. Real massless ones such as the photon always have just 2.

In particular, it was discovered in 1964 that the decay of the K 0 particle violated time reversal invariance at the level of about one part in a thousand. … This means that same rules should apply if one not only reverses the direction of time (T), but also simultaneously inverts all spatial coordinates (P) and conjugates all charges (C), replacing particles by antiparticles.

If all 2 b possible blocks of length b occur with equal probability, then the Huffman codewords will consist of blocks equivalent to the original ones.

Nerve cells In the retina and the brain, nerve cells typically have an irregular tree-like structure, with between a few and a few thousand dendrites carrying input signals, and one or more axons carrying output signals.