Kaluza, Theodor F. E. (Germany, 1885–1954)
and notions of space, 1028

Kaneko, Kunihiko (Japan, 1956– )
and continuous CAs, 922
in Preface, xiii

Kant, Immanuel (Germany, 1724–1804)
and complexity in biology, 861
and free will, 1135
and purposes in nature, 1185

Karatsuba, Anatolii A. (Russia, 1937–[2008])
and multiplication, 1142

Kari, Jarkko J. (Finland/USA, 1964– )
and undecidability in 2D cellular automata, 1138

Kármán, Theodore von (Hungary/Germany/USA, 1881–1963)
and vortex streets, 998

Kasiski, Friedrich W. (Poland, 1805–1881)
and cryptanalysis, 1086

Kauffman, Stuart A. (USA, 1939– )
and Boolean networks, 936
in Preface, xiii

Kelvin (William Thomson) (Scotland, 1824–1907)
and harmonic analyzer, 1107
and minimum area packings, 988
and models of space, 1027
and Monte Carlo methods, 1192
and thermodynamics, 1019
and vortices in ether, 1044

Kepler, Johannes (Germany, 1571–1630)
and 2-body problem, 972
and computers, 1107
and Fibonacci numbers, 891
and inhabitants of Moon, 1190
and rules of nature, 860
and snowflakes, 992
and sphere packings, 986

Kirby, Laurence A. S. (England/USA, 1952– )
and unprovable statements, 1163

Kirkpatrick, E. Scott (USA, 1941– )
in Preface, xiii
and simulated annealing, 985

Klein, Oskar (Sweden/Denmark/USA, 1894–1977)
and notions of space, 1028

Knuth, Donald E. (USA, 1938– )
and dragon curves, 893
and Knuth–Bendix procedure, 1037
in Preface, xiii
and tests of randomness, 1084

Koch, N. F. Helge von (Sweden, 1870–1924)
and nested curves, 934

Kolakoski, William G. (USA, 1944–1997)
and cyclic tag systems, 895

Kolmogorov, Andrei N. (Russia, 1903–1987)
and algorithmic randomness, 1068
and fluid turbulence, 997

Korec, Ivan (Slovakia, 1943–1998)
and encodings of arithmetic, 1163
and register machines, 1121

Kummer, Ernst E. (Germany, 1810–1893)
and Fermat's Last Theorem, 1166

Kurdyumov, Georgii L. (Russia, 1953– )
and transitions in CAs, 981

Lagrange, J. Louis (La Grange) (Italy/Germany/France, 1736–1813)
and continued fractions, 915

Landau, Lev D. (Russia, 1908–1968)
and fluid turbulence, 997

Langton, Christopher G. (USA, 1948– )
and 2D Turing machines, 930
and CA classes, 948
in Preface, xiii

Laplace, Pierre-Simon (France, 1749–1827)
and Central Limit Theorem, 977
and determinism, 1135

Legendre, Adrien-Marie (France, 1752–1833)
and sums of three squares, 910

Lehmer, Derrick H. (USA, 1905–1991)
and linear congruential generators, 974

Lehr, Eduard (Germany, ~1932)
and parametric curves, 1009

Leibniz, Gottfried W. v. (Germany, 1646–1716)
and binary numbers, 902
and calculators, 1107
and free will, 1135
and I Ching, 893
and idealizations of math, 1149
and logic, 1099
and logic as basis for science, 860
and math notation, 1182
and the nature of space, 1028
and origins of universality, 1109
and symbolic logic, 1151
and universal language, 1181

Lempel, Abraham (Israel, 1936– )
and data compression, 1069

Lenz, Wilhelm (Germany, 1888–1957)
and Ising model, 981

Leucippus (Greece, ~480 – ~420 BC)
and atomism, 876

Levin, Leonid A. (Russia/USA, 1948– )
and NP completeness, 1143
in Preface, xiii
and transitions in CAs, 981

Lévy, Paul P. (France, 1886–1971)
and nested C curve, 893, 934

Li, Wentian (USA, 1959– )
and CA classes, 948
in Preface, xiii

Lindenmayer, Aristid (USA/Netherlands, 1925–1989)
and L systems, 893
and plant branching, 1005
in Preface, xiii

Lindgren, Kristian (Sweden, 1960– )
in Preface, xiii
and universal CAs, 1115

Linial (Gulden), Samuel (USA, 1927–[2004])
and underivability of logic axioms, 1170

Littlewood, John E. (England, 1885–1977)
and chaos theory, 971
and Goldbach's Conjecture, 911
and iterated maps, 919
and numbers of primes, 910

Lorentz, Hendrik A. (Netherlands, 1853–1928)
and relativity theory, 1041

Lorenz, Edward N. (USA, 1917–[2008])
and chaos theory, 971
and complex ODE, 879
and experimental math, 899
and fluid turbulence, 998
in Preface, xiii

Lotka, Alfred J. (USA, 1880–1949)
and oscillatory chemical reactions, 1013

Lovelace, A. Ada (Byron) K. (England, 1815–1852)
and universality, 1110

Lucas, F. Edouard A. (France, 1842–1891)
and binomials mod k, 870

Lucian (Greece, 120 – ~180 AD)
and inhabitants of Moon, 1190

Lucretius, Titus Carus (Italy, ~95 – ~55 BC)
and atomism, 876
and models based on rules, 860

Łukasiewicz, Jan (Poland, 1878–1956)
and axioms for logic, 1151
and multivalued logic, 1175

Mach, Ernst (Austria/Czech., 1838–1916)
and Mach's Principle, 1047, 1053
and origins of relativity, 1042

Machiavelli, Niccolò (Italy, 1469–1527)
and rules for military drill, 875

Magnus, Wilhelm (Germany/USA, 1907–1990)
and word problem for groups, 1141

Makanin, Gennadií S. (Russia, 1938– )
and sequence equations, 1141
and undecidable word problems, 1141

Mandelbrot, Benoit B. (France/USA, 1924–[2010])
and branching models, 1005
and computer experiments, 899
and financial processes, 1014
and fractal landscapes, 1001
and fractals, 880, 934
and history of complexity, 862
and Mandelbrot set, 934
in Preface, xiii
and random walks, 990

Manneville, Paul (France, 1946– )
and CA classes, 948
and continuous CAs, 922

Marconi, Guglielmo (Italy, 1874–1937)
and SETI, 1188

Margolus, Norman H. (USA, 1955– )
and 2D CA simulators, 928
in Preface, xiii

Markov, Andrei A. (Russia, 1903–1979)
and sequential substitution systems, 894
and statistics of language, 1181
and undecidability, 1136
and word problem for semigroups, 1141

Marr, David C. (England/USA, 1945–1980)
and visual perception, 1076

Martin, Olivier C. (USA/France, 1958– )
and additive CAs, 951
as coauthor of paper, 881
in Preface, xii, xiii

Martin-Löf, Per E. R. (Sweden, 1942– )
and randomness, 1068

Marxen, Heiner (Germany, 1957– )
and Turing machines, 889

Massey, James L. (USA/Switzerland, 1934–[2013])
and Berlekamp–Massey algorithm, 1087

Matiyasevich, Yuri (Russia, 1947– )
and Diophantine equations, 1161
in Preface, xiii
and word problem for semigroups, 1141

Maxwell, James Clerk (Scotland/England, 1831–1879)
and chaos theory, 971
and electromagnetism, 1041
and fluttering of paper, 971
and gauge invariance, 1045
and Maxwell's demon, 1021
and statistical mechanics, 1019
and stochastic models, 968

May, Robert M. (Australia/USA/England, 1936– )
and chaos theory, 971

Mazoyer, Jacques (France, 1947– )
and firing squad problem, 1035

McCarthy, John (USA, 1927–[2011])
and theorems in Lisp, 1168

McCulloch, Warren S. (USA, 1898–1972)
and neural networks, 880, 1099
and universality, 1110

McCune, William W. (USA, 1953–[2011])
and axioms for groups, 1153
and axioms for logic, 1151

Meier, Willi (Switzerland, 1948– )
and cryptanalysis of rule 30, 1087

Meinhardt, Hans (Germany, 1938–[2016])
and patterns on shells, 1012
in Preface, xiii
and reaction-diffusion, 1013

Menger, Karl (Austria/USA, 1902–1985)
and nested patterns, 934

Meredith, Carew A. (Ireland, 1904–1976)
and axioms for logic, 1175

Meredith axioms
for logic, 1175

Mersenne, Marin (France, 1588–1648)
and primes, 909

Michelson, Albert A. (USA, 1852–1931)
and experimental math, 899
and Michelson–Morley experiment, 1041

Millen, Jonathan K. (USA, 1942– )
and code 20 CA, 877

Miller, Stanley L. (USA, 1930–[2007])
and origin of life, 1179

Minkowski, Hermann (Germany, 1864–1909)
and relativity theory, 1042

Minsky, Marvin L. (USA, 1927–[2016])
and discreteness of space, 1027
in Preface, xiii
and register machines, 896, 1115
and simple Turing machines, 879, 889, 1143
and tag systems, 1120
and universal Turing machine, 1115, 1119

Mises, Ludwig E. von (Austria/USA, 1881–1973)
and free will, 1135

Mises, Richard von (Austria/USA, 1883–1953)
and defining randomness, 1068

Moore, Cristopher (USA, 1968– )
and P completeness, 1149

Moore, Edward F. (USA, 1925–[2003])
and 2D cellular automata, 928

Morrison, Philip (USA, 1915–[2005])
and SETI, 1189

Morse, H. C. Marston (USA, 1892–1977)
and substitution systems, 893

Moseley, Henry (England, 1801–1872)
and shell shapes, 1008

Muchnik, Albert A. (Russia, 1934–[2019])
and intermediate degrees, 1130

Mullins, William W. (USA, 1927–2001)
and dendritic growth, 993

Murray, James D. (England/USA, 1931– )
in Preface, xiii
and reaction-diffusion, 1013

Myhill, John R. (USA, 1923–1987)
and firing squad problem, 1035

Nakaya, Ukichiro (Japan, 1900–1962)
and snowflakes, 992

Napier, John (Scotland, 1550–1617)
and binary numbers, 902

Neumann, Bernhard H. (England/Australia, 1909–[2002])
and axioms for groups, 1153

Newcomb, Simon (USA, 1835–1909)
and leading digits, 914

Newell, Allen (USA, 1927–1992)
and automated proofs, 1157

Newton, Isaac (England, 1642–1727)
and 2-body problem, 972
and calculus, 901
and color vision, 1075
and computational irreducibility, 1132
and invariance of mechanical laws, 1041
and law of gravity, 1047
and math in science, 859, 860
and nature of space, 1028
in quote by Kant, 861
and theology, 861

Nicod, Jean (France, 1893–1924)
and axioms for logic, 1151

Nordahl, Mats G. (Sweden, 1958– )
in Preface, xiii
and universal CAs, 1115

Novikov, Petr S. (Russia, 1901–1975)
and word problem for groups, 1141

Odlyzko, Andrew M. (USA, 1949– )
and additive CAs, 951
as coauthor of paper, 881
in Preface, xiii
and zeros of zeta function, 918

Olaus Magnus (Sweden/Italy, 1490–1568)
and snowflakes, 992

Onsager, Lars (USA, 1903–1976)
and 2D Ising model, 982

Oresme, Nicole (France, ~1320–1382)
and time as a dimension, 1031

Oseen, C. William (Sweden, 1879–1944)
and fluid flow past spheres, 998

Oster, George F. (USA, 1940–[2018])
and patterns on shells, 1012
in Preface, xiii