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531 - 540 of 681 for Novo Curso De Direito Civil - Vol. 1 - Parte Geral - 26ª EdGagliano, Pablo StolzeSaraiva Jur
Quarks and leptons have spin 1/2, yielding 2 spin states (neutrinos could have only 1 if they were massless). Gauge bosons normally have spin 1 (the graviton would have spin 2) yielding 3 spin states for massive ones.
(Note that the first two rules suffice for all planar networks, and are sometimes called respectively T2 and T1.)
In the limit of an infinite number of steps one gets a fractal known as a Sierpiński pattern (see page 934 ), with fractal dimension Log[2, 3] ≃ 1.59 (see page 933 ).
Iterated aliquot sums
Related to case (b) above is a system which repeats the replacement n Apply[Plus, Divisors[n]] - n or equivalently n DivisorSigma[1, n] - n .
Somewhat related to the curves shown here is the function MoebiusMu[n] , equal to 0 if n has a repeated prime factor and otherwise (-1)^Length[FactorInteger[n]] .
The curve drawn goes up every time a digit is 1, and down every time it is 0.
The basic idea is to represent the position of each point at each step as a number, say x , which runs from 0 to 1.
Class 1 cellular automata that exhibit evolution to a uniform state, as discussed in Chapter 6 .
Case (c) shows the negatively curved surface z=x 2 -y 2 , (d) a paraboloid z=x 2 +y 2 , and (e,f) z=1/(r+δ) —a rough analog of curvature in space produced by a sphere of mass.
With the axioms used here, the total number of strings grows by a factor of roughly 1.7 at each step; on the last steps shown there are altogether 237 and 973 strings respectively.